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Nanocarbon Allotropes—Graphene and Nanocrystalline Diamond—Promote Cell Proliferation
Author(s) -
Verdanova Martina,
Rezek Bohuslav,
Broz Antonin,
Ukraintsev Egor,
Babchenko Oleg,
Artemenko Anna,
Izak Tibor,
Kromka Alexander,
Kalbac Martin,
Hubalek Kalbacova Marie
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
small
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.785
H-Index - 236
eISSN - 1613-6829
pISSN - 1613-6810
DOI - 10.1002/smll.201503749
Subject(s) - graphene , materials science , nanotechnology , raman spectroscopy , diamond , nanocrystalline material , contact angle , wetting , substrate (aquarium) , scanning electron microscope , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , chemical engineering , composite material , physics , oceanography , engineering , geology , optics
Two profoundly different carbon allotropes – nanocrystalline diamond and graphene – are of considerable interest from the viewpoint of a wide range of biomedical applications including implant coating, drug and gene delivery, cancer therapy, and biosensing. Osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on nanocrystalline diamond and graphene are compared under various conditions such as differences in wettability, topography, and the presence or absence of protein interlayers between cells and the substrate. The materials are characterized in detail by means of scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. In vitro experiments have revealed a significantly higher degree of cell proliferation on graphene than on nanocrystalline diamond and a tissue culture polystyrene control material. Proliferation is promoted, in particular, by hydrophobic graphene with a large number of nanoscale wrinkles independent of the presence of a protein interlayer, i.e., substrate fouling is not a problematic issue in this respect. Nanowrinkled hydrophobic graphene, thus, exhibits superior characteristics for those biomedical applications where high cell proliferation is required under differing conditions.