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Red Blood Cell Membrane as a Biomimetic Nanocoating for Prolonged Circulation Time and Reduced Accelerated Blood Clearance
Author(s) -
Rao Lang,
Bu LinLin,
Xu JunHua,
Cai Bo,
Yu GuangTao,
Yu Xiaolei,
He Zhaobo,
Huang Qinqin,
Li Andrew,
Guo ShiShang,
Zhang WenFeng,
Liu Wei,
Sun ZhiJun,
Wang Hao,
Wang TzaHuei,
Zhao XingZhong
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
small
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.785
H-Index - 236
eISSN - 1613-6829
pISSN - 1613-6810
DOI - 10.1002/smll.201502388
Subject(s) - immune system , red blood cell , in vivo , cd47 , chemistry , antibody , blood cell , biophysics , peg ratio , ethylene glycol , clearance , pharmacology , immunology , medicine , biology , biochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , organic chemistry , finance , economics , urology
For decades, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been widely incorporated into nanoparticles for evading immune clearance and improving the systematic circulation time. However, recent studies have reported a phenomenon known as “accelerated blood clearance (ABC)” where a second dose of PEGylated nanomaterials is rapidly cleared when given several days after the first dose. Herein, we demonstrate that natural red blood cell (RBC) membrane is a superior alternative to PEG. Biomimetic RBC membrane‐coated Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 @RBC NPs) rely on CD47, which is a “don't eat me” marker on the RBC surface, to escape immune clearance through interactions with the signal regulatory protein‐alpha (SIRP‐α) receptor. Fe 3 O 4 @RBC NPs exhibit extended circulation time and show little change between the first and second doses, with no ABC suffered. In addition, the administration of Fe 3 O 4 @RBC NPs does not elicit immune responses on neither the cellular level (myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs)) nor the humoral level (immunoglobulin M and G (IgM and IgG)). Finally, the in vivo toxicity of these cell membrane‐camouflaged nanoparticles is systematically investigated by blood biochemistry, hematology testing, and histology analysis. These findings are significant advancements toward solving the long‐existing clinical challenges of developing biomaterials that are able to resist both immune response and rapid clearance.