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Single Chirality (6,4) Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Fluorescence Imaging with Silicon Detectors
Author(s) -
Antaris Alexander L.,
Yaghi Omar K.,
Hong Guosong,
Diao Shuo,
Zhang Bo,
Yang Jiang,
Chew Leila,
Dai Hongjie
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
small
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.785
H-Index - 236
eISSN - 1613-6829
pISSN - 1613-6810
DOI - 10.1002/smll.201501530
Subject(s) - carbon nanotube , fluorescence , materials science , silicon , nanotechnology , chirality (physics) , carbon fibers , stain , chemical engineering , staining , optoelectronics , optics , medicine , physics , chiral symmetry breaking , pathology , quantum mechanics , quark , composite number , nambu–jona lasinio model , composite material , engineering
Postsynthetic single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) sorting methods such as density gradient ultracentrifugation, gel chromatography, and electrophoresis have all been inspired by established biochemistry separation techniques designed to separate subcellular components. Biochemistry separation techniques have been refined to the degree that parameters such as pH, salt concentration, and temperature are necessary for a successful separation, yet these conditions are only now being applied to SWCNT separation methodologies. Slight changes in pH produce radically different behaviors of SWCNTs inside a density gradient, allowing for the facile separation of ultrahigh purity (6,4) SWCNTs from as‐synthesized carbon nanotubes. The (6,4) SWCNTs are novel fluorophores emitting below ≈900 nm and can be easily detected with conventional silicon‐based charge‐coupled device detectors without the need for specialized InGaAs cameras. The (6,4) SWCNTs are used to demonstrate their potential as a clinically relevant NIR‐I fluorescence stain for the immunohistochemical staining of cells and cancer tissue sections displaying high endothelial growth factor receptor levels.