Premium
Real‐Time Analysis of Magnetic Hyperthermia Experiments on Living Cells under a Confocal Microscope
Author(s) -
Connord Vincent,
Clerc Pascal,
Hallali Nicolas,
El Hajj Diab Darine,
Fourmy Daniel,
Gigoux Véronique,
Carrey Julian
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
small
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.785
H-Index - 236
eISSN - 1613-6829
pISSN - 1613-6810
DOI - 10.1002/smll.201402669
Subject(s) - confocal , magnetic nanoparticles , confocal microscopy , hyperthermia , materials science , magnetic hyperthermia , biophysics , organelle , nanoparticle , nanotechnology , microscope , microscopy , inverted microscope , chemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , optics , physics , paleontology
Combining high‐frequency alternating magnetic fields (AMF) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is an efficient way to induce biological responses through several approaches: magnetic hyperthermia, drug release, controls of gene expression and neurons, or activation of chemical reactions. So far, these experiments cannot be analyzed in real‐time during the AMF application. A miniaturized electromagnet fitting under a confocal microscope is built, which produces an AMF of frequency and amplitude similar to the ones used in magnetic hyperthermia. AMF application induces massive damages to tumoral cells having incorporated nanoparticles into their lysosomes without affecting the others. Using this setup, real‐time analyses of molecular events occurring during AMF application are performed. Lysosome membrane permeabilization and reactive oxygen species production are detected after only 30 min of AMF application, demonstrating they occur at an early stage in the cascade of events leading eventually to cell death. Additionally, lysosomes self‐assembling into needle‐shaped organization under the influence of AMF is observed in real‐time. This experimental approach will permit to get a deeper insight into the physical, molecular, and biological process occurring in several innovative techniques used in nanomedecine based on the combined use of MNPs and high‐frequency magnetic fields.