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Organized Chromophoric Assemblies for Nonlinear Optical Materials: Towards (Sub)wavelength Scale Architectures
Author(s) -
Xu Jialiang,
Semin Sergey,
Rasing Theo,
Rowan Alan E.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
small
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.785
H-Index - 236
eISSN - 1613-6829
pISSN - 1613-6810
DOI - 10.1002/smll.201402085
Subject(s) - nanotechnology , materials science , photonics , lithography , supramolecular chemistry , chromophore , photonic integrated circuit , nonlinear optics , nonlinear optical , fabrication , electronic circuit , optoelectronics , nonlinear system , molecule , physics , medicine , alternative medicine , pathology , quantum mechanics
Photonic circuits are expected to greatly contribute to the next generation of integrated chips, as electronic integrated circuits become confronted with bottlenecks such as heat generation and bandwidth limitations. One of the main challenges for the state‐of‐the‐art photonic circuits lies in the development of optical materials with high nonlinear optical (NLO) susceptibilities, in particular in the wavelength and subwavelength dimensions which are compatible with on‐chip technologies. In this review, the varied approaches to micro‐/nanosized NLO materials based on building blocks of bio‐ and biomimetic molecules, as well as synthetic D‐π‐A chromophores, have been categorized as supramolecular self‐assemblies, molecular scaffolds, and external force directed assemblies. Such molecular and supramolecular NLO materials have intrinsic advantages, such as structural diversities, high NLO susceptibilities, and clear structure–property relationships. These “bottom‐up” fabrication approaches are proposed to be combined with the “top‐down” techniques such as lithography, etc., to generate multifunctionality by coupling light and matter on the (sub)wavelength scale.