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SnO 2 Anode Surface Passivation by Atomic Layer Deposited HfO 2 Improves Li‐Ion Battery Performance
Author(s) -
Yesibolati Nulati,
Shahid Muhammad,
Chen Wei,
Hedhili M. N.,
Reuter M. C.,
Ross F. M.,
Alshareef H. N.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
small
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.785
H-Index - 236
eISSN - 1613-6829
pISSN - 1613-6810
DOI - 10.1002/smll.201303898
Subject(s) - anode , passivation , materials science , atomic layer deposition , amorphous solid , electrolyte , battery (electricity) , chemical engineering , layer (electronics) , lithium ion battery , nanotechnology , electrode , chemistry , power (physics) , organic chemistry , physics , quantum mechanics , engineering
For the first time, it is demonstrated that nanoscale HfO 2 surface passivation layers formed by atomic layer deposition (ALD) significantly improve the performance of Li ion batteries with SnO 2 ‐based anodes. Specifically, the measured battery capacity at a current density of 150 mAg −1 after 100 cycles is 548 and 853 mAhg −1 for the uncoated and HfO 2 ‐coated anodes, respectively. Material analysis reveals that the HfO 2 layers are amorphous in nature and conformably coat the SnO 2 ‐based anodes. In addition, the analysis reveals that ALD HfO 2 not only protects the SnO 2 ‐based anodes from irreversible reactions with the electrolyte and buffers its volume change, but also chemically interacts with the SnO 2 anodes to increase battery capacity, despite the fact that HfO 2 is itself electrochemically inactive. The amorphous nature of HfO 2 is an important factor in explaining its behavior, as it still allows sufficient Li diffusion for an efficient anode lithiation/delithiation process to occur, leading to higher battery capacity.