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Facile Method for the Site‐Specific, Covalent Attachment of Full‐Length IgG onto Nanoparticles
Author(s) -
Hui James Zhe,
Zaki Ajlan Al,
Cheng Zhiliang,
Popik Vladimir,
Zhang Hongtao,
Luning Prak Eline T.,
Tsourkas Andrew
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
small
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.785
H-Index - 236
eISSN - 1613-6829
pISSN - 1613-6810
DOI - 10.1002/smll.201303629
Subject(s) - bioconjugation , click chemistry , covalent bond , fluorophore , nanoparticle , combinatorial chemistry , azide , conjugated system , chemistry , protein engineering , fragment crystallizable region , cysteine , protein g , fluorescence , biophysics , nanotechnology , antibody , biochemistry , materials science , biology , organic chemistry , enzyme , polymer , physics , receptor , quantum mechanics , immunology
Antibodies, most commonly IgGs, have been widely used as targeting ligands in research and therapeutic applications due to their wide array of targets, high specificity and proven efficacy. Many of these applications require antibodies to be conjugated onto surfaces (e.g. nanoparticles and microplates); however, most conventional bioconjugation techniques exhibit low crosslinking efficiencies, reduced functionality due to non‐site‐specific labeling and random surface orientation, and/or require protein engineering (e.g. cysteine handles), which can be technically challenging. To overcome these limitations, we have recombinantly expressed Protein Z, which binds the Fc region of IgG, with an UV active non‐natural amino acid benzoylphenyalanine (BPA) within its binding domain. Upon exposure to long wavelength UV light, the BPA is activated and forms a covalent link between the Protein Z and the bound Fc region of IgG. This technology was combined with expressed protein ligation (EPL), which allowed for the introduction of a fluorophore and click chemistry‐compatible azide group onto the C‐terminus of Protein Z during the recombinant protein purification step. This enabled the crosslinked‐Protein Z‐IgG complexes to be efficiently and site‐specifically attached to aza‐dibenzocyclooctyne‐modified nanoparticles, via copper‐free click chemistry.