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In vivo Metabolic Imaging of Insulin with Multiphoton Fluorescence of Human Insulin–Au Nanodots
Author(s) -
Liu ChienLiang,
Liu TzuMing,
Hsieh TsungYuan,
Liu HanWen,
Chen YuShing,
Tsai ChengKun,
Chen HsiehChih,
Lin JongWei,
Hsu RonBin,
Wang TzungDau,
Chen ChienCheng,
Sun ChiKuang,
Chou PiTai
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
small
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.785
H-Index - 236
eISSN - 1613-6829
pISSN - 1613-6810
DOI - 10.1002/smll.201201887
Subject(s) - insulin , in vivo , medicine , insulin receptor , type 2 diabetes , ex vivo , diabetes mellitus , endocrinology , chemistry , biology , insulin resistance , microbiology and biotechnology
Functional human insulin–Au nanodots (NDs) are synthesized for the in vivo imaging of insulin metabolism. Benefiting from its efficient red to near infrared fluorescence, deep tissue subcellular uptake of insulin–Au NDs can be clearly resolved through a least‐invasive harmonic generation and two‐photon fluorescence (TPF) microscope. In vivo investigations on mice ear and ex vivo assays on human fat tissues conclude that cells with rich insulin receptors have higher uptake of administrated insulin. Interestingly, the insulin–Au NDs can even permeate into lipid droplets (LDs) of adipocytes. Using this newly discovered metabolic phenomenon of insulin, it is found that enlarged adipocytes in type II diabetes mice have higher adjacent/LD concentration contrast with small‐sized ones in wild type mice. For human clinical samples, the epicardial adipocytes of patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) also show elevated adjacent/LD concentration contrast. As a result, human insulin–Au nanodots provide a new approach to explore subcellular insulin metabolism in model animals or patients with metabolic or cardiovascular diseases.