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Orthogonal Cell‐Based Biosensing: Fluorescent, Electrochemical, and Colorimetric Detection with Silica‐Immobilized Cellular Communities Integrated with an ITO–Glass/Plastic Laminate Cartridge
Author(s) -
Harper Jason C.,
Edwards Thayne L.,
Savage Travis,
Harbaugh Svetlana,
KelleyLoughnane Nancy,
Stone Morley O.,
Brinker C. Jeffrey,
Brozik Susan M.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
small
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.785
H-Index - 236
eISSN - 1613-6829
pISSN - 1613-6810
DOI - 10.1002/smll.201200343
Subject(s) - analyte , biosensor , materials science , viability assay , matrix (chemical analysis) , fluorescence , nanotechnology , orthogonality , chromatography , cell , chemistry , biochemistry , physics , quantum mechanics , composite material , geometry , mathematics
This is the first report of a living cell‐based environmental sensing device capable of generating orthogonal fluorescent, electrochemical, and colorimetric signals in response to a single target analyte in complex media. Orthogonality is enabled by use of cellular communities that are engineered to provide distinct signals in response to the model analyte. Coupling these three signal transduction methods provides additional and/or complementary data regarding the sample which may reduce the impact of interferants and increase confidence in the sensor's output. Long‐term stability of the cells was addressed via 3D entrapment within a nanostructured matrix derived from glycerated silicate, which allows the device to be sealed and stored under dry, ambient conditions for months with significant retention in cellular activity and viability (40% viability after 60 days). Furthermore, the first co‐entrapment of eukaryotic and bacterial cells in a silica matrix is reported, demonstrating multianalyte biodetection by mixing disparate cell lines at intimate proximities which remain viable and responsive. These advances in cell‐based biosensing open intriguing opportunities for integrating living cells with nanomaterials and macroscale systems.