Premium
Convective Assembly of 2D Lattices of Virus‐like Particles Visualized by In‐Situ Grazing‐Incidence Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering
Author(s) -
Ashley Carlee E.,
Dunphy Darren R.,
Jiang Zhang,
Carnes Eric C.,
Yuan Zhen,
Petsev Dimiter N.,
Atanassov Plamen B.,
Velev Orlin D.,
Sprung Michael,
Wang Jin,
Peabody David S.,
Brinker C. Jeffrey
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
small
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.785
H-Index - 236
eISSN - 1613-6829
pISSN - 1613-6810
DOI - 10.1002/smll.201001665
Subject(s) - grazing incidence small angle scattering , superlattice , materials science , scattering , chemical physics , substrate (aquarium) , self assembly , nanocrystal , reflectometry , nanotechnology , chemical engineering , crystallography , optics , optoelectronics , small angle neutron scattering , chemistry , physics , neutron scattering , time domain , oceanography , engineering , computer science , computer vision , geology
The rapid assembly of icosohedral virus‐like particles (VLPs) into highly ordered (domain size > 600 nm), oriented 2D superlattices directly onto a solid substrate using convective coating is demonstrated. In‐situ grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS) is used to follow the self‐assembly process in real time to characterize the mechanism of superlattice formation, with the ultimate goal of tailoring film deposition conditions to optimize long‐range order. From water, GISAXS data are consistent with a transport‐limited assembly process where convective flow directs assembly of VLPs into a lattice oriented with respect to the water drying line. Addition of a nonvolatile solvent (glycerol) modified this assembly pathway, resulting in non‐oriented superlattices with improved long‐range order. Modification of electrostatic conditions (solution ionic strength, substrate charge) also alters assembly behavior; however, a comparison of in‐situ assembly data between VLPs derived from the bacteriophages MS2 and Qβ show that this assembly process is not fully described by a simple Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek model alone.