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Template‐Assisted Large‐Scale Ordered Arrays of ZnO Pillars for Optical and Piezoelectric Applications
Author(s) -
Fan Hong Jin,
Lee Woo,
Hauschild Robert,
Alexe Marin,
Le Rhun Gwenaël,
Scholz Roland,
Dadgar Armin,
Nielsch Kornelius,
Kalt Heinz,
Krost Alois,
Zacharias Margit,
Gösele Ulrich
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
small
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.785
H-Index - 236
eISSN - 1613-6829
pISSN - 1613-6810
DOI - 10.1002/smll.200500331
Subject(s) - nanopillar , materials science , photoluminescence , piezoelectricity , chemical vapor deposition , nanotechnology , nanosphere lithography , template , optoelectronics , nanostructure , lithography , composite material , fabrication , medicine , alternative medicine , pathology
Spatially separated ZnO pillars, typically 300 nm in diameter and 2 μm in height, are fabricated via a template‐directed approach that leads to long‐range hexagonal order. The templates of Au nanodisk arrays are obtained by using metal membranes as a lithography mask. The growth of ZnO pillars is performed in a double‐tube system through vapor diffusion–deposition. The growth mechanism of the pillars is studied in detail and is proposed to be a combination of vapor–liquid–solid and vapor–solid models. The piezoelectric and optical properties of single pillars are characterized using piezoresponse force microscopy and micro‐photoluminescence spectroscopy, respectively. The pillars show strong excitonic emissions up to room temperature, which indicate a relatively low defect density and good crystalline quality. The obtained piezoelectric coefficient d 33 is (7.5±0.6) pm V −1 , which is to our knowledge the first reported value for a single nanopillar.