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Strategy formulation processes: Differences in perceptions of strength and weaknesses indicators and environmental uncertainty by managerial level
Author(s) -
Ireland R. Duane,
Hitt Michael A.,
Bettis Richard A.,
De Porras Deborah Auld
Publication year - 1987
Publication title -
strategic management journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 11.035
H-Index - 286
eISSN - 1097-0266
pISSN - 0143-2095
DOI - 10.1002/smj.4250080506
Subject(s) - strengths and weaknesses , perception , software deployment , business , cognition , psychology , marketing , industrial organization , social psychology , computer science , neuroscience , operating system
Some literature suggests that managers' perceptions of strengths and weaknesses indicators vary by management level. Differences likely result because of individuals' cognitive schemes, which include their cognitive biases. In turn, systematic errors may occur in managerial decisions. Results from the research reported herein support the notion that managers' perceptions of the indicators of a firm's strengths and weaknesses, and of environmental uncertainty, vary by managerial level. Differences in these perceptions were discovered to be more significant within each firm. Implications of these results are examined, including the impact on the deployment of firms' strategy formulation processes.