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Pd Nanoparticles Decorated on Jute Sticks: Dip‐Catalyst of Suzuki‐Miyaura and Mizoroki‐Heck C–C Bond Formation Reactions in Water
Author(s) -
Kalanthoden Abdul Nasar,
Shaikh M. Nasiruzzaman,
Aziz Md. Abdul,
Rani S. Kutti
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
chemistryselect
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.437
H-Index - 34
ISSN - 2365-6549
DOI - 10.1002/slct.201903423
Subject(s) - iodobenzene , catalysis , chemistry , heck reaction , leaching (pedology) , coupling reaction , suzuki reaction , solvent , regioselectivity , nanoparticle , palladium , organic chemistry , polymer chemistry , materials science , nanotechnology , environmental science , soil science , soil water
Achieving C−C bond formation using Suzuki‐Miyaura and Mizoroki‐Heck cross‐coupling reactions with reusable, cost‐efficient, highly regioselective, and naturally available supported catalysts is rare and challenging. In the current study, naturally available jute plant sticks (green support ‐ GS) decorated with Pd nanoparticles, denoted as Pd@GS, were prepared by reducing K 2 PdCl 4 using NaBH 4 in water. This ‘dip‐catalyst’ construct was used to catalyze the Suzuki‐Miyaura and Mizoroki‐Heck cross coupling‐reactions in water. SEM, TEM, and elemental mapping images reveal the homogeneous distribution of Pd nanoparticles with average dimensions within a narrow range of 7–10 nm on solid support. For the Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction, the highest conversion achieved is 97% with a TOF of 4692 h −1 for the reaction of 4‐acylphenylboronic acid and iodobenzene in the presence of KOH in an aqueous medium. For the Mizoroki‐Heck reaction, a 98% yield (TOF=237 h −1 ) of the coupling product was obtained with an exclusive selectivity towards the targeted olefinic product using 4‐methylstyrene and iodobenzene as the reactants in water‐DMF as a mixed solvent at 90 °C. The same catalyst sample can be used for 7 consecutive cycles, i. e., without addition of any fresh catalyst, while retaining its original crystallinity without any leaching of Pd.