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Determination of Phthalate Esters in Water and Coffee by Solid‐Phase Microextraction Using Vinyl Terminated Imidazolium Based Ionic Liquid Grafted on Graphene Oxide Coatings
Author(s) -
Tashakkori Paniz,
Erdem Pelin,
Merdivan Melek,
Bozkurt Serap Seyhan
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
chemistryselect
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.437
H-Index - 34
ISSN - 2365-6549
DOI - 10.1002/slct.201803214
Subject(s) - solid phase microextraction , ionic liquid , extraction (chemistry) , tap water , materials science , detection limit , chromatography , desorption , phthalate , fiber , graphene , oxide , repeatability , seawater , chemistry , mass spectrometry , gas chromatography–mass spectrometry , organic chemistry , adsorption , composite material , oceanography , environmental engineering , geology , engineering , metallurgy , nanotechnology , catalysis
A series of novel ionic liquids (1‐(3‐aminopropyl)‐3‐vinyl imidazolium bromide/tetrafluoroborate) grafted onto graphene oxide‐ coated stainless‐steel wires by a sol‐gel technique were fabricated and used as solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) fibers for the determination of phthalate esters (PAEs) in water and coffee by a direct immersion‐SPME‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (DI‐SPME‐GC‐MS) method. The effect of pH, stirring rate, ionic strength, extraction temperature and extraction time were examined for each home‐made fiber. Under optimized conditions, the proposed method displayed wide linearity (0.01‐500 μg L −1 ), good repeatability (0.26‐13.30%; n=3), and low limit of detections (LODs, 5–30 ng L −1 ). The home‐made fibers had good durability and could be used for more than 120 sorption/desorption cycles. The fiber‐to‐fiber reproducibility was in the range of 1.53‐4.53% for 100 μg L −1 . The method was successfully performed on tap water, seawater and coffee samples with recoveries from 87.6 to 100.7%. The extraction efficiencies of home‐made SPME fibers were satisfactorily comparable with those of PA and CAR/PDMS commercial SPME fibers.