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The Direct Conversion of Cellulose into 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural with CrCl 3 Composite Catalyst in Ionic Liquid under Mild Conditions
Author(s) -
Leng Erwei,
Mao Ming,
Peng Yang,
Li Xiaomin,
Gong Xun,
Zhang Yang
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
chemistryselect
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.437
H-Index - 34
ISSN - 2365-6549
DOI - 10.1002/slct.201803130
Subject(s) - ionic liquid , cellulose , catalysis , chemistry , yield (engineering) , polymerization , 5 hydroxymethylfurfural , composite number , chemical engineering , organic chemistry , materials science , polymer , metallurgy , composite material , engineering
Direct transformation of cellulose (PH101: DP∼200) into 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was investigated using the single CrCl 3 or the combination of metal chlorides (CrCl 3 with AlCl 3 , FeCl 3 , SnCl 4 , MnCl 4 , and CuCl 2 ) in ionic liquid [Bmim]Cl under oil‐bath heating. As a result, a novel co‐catalysis CrCl 3 ‐AlCl 3 was determined to be the most efficient catalyst for the production of HMF. Compared with single CrCl 3 , the reaction time with CrCl 3 ‐AlCl 3 was reduced by nearly 1/3 when a similar HMF yield (58.3%) was obtained at 120 °C. Additionally, the catalytic mechanism of CrCl 3 ‐AlCl 3 was discussed. Furthermore, when celluloses with higher polymerization degree (filter paper: DP∼1500 and cotton: DP∼1950) were used, exceedingly higher yields of HMF (54.7% for filter paper and 59.5% for cotton) were obtained compared with previous work. This important result strongly indicates the general applicability of CrCl 3 ‐AlCl 3 for various kinds of natural cellulose with a huge range of DP.