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pH‐Controlled Nanoparticles Formation and Tracking of Lysosomal Zinc Ions in Cancer Cells by Fluorescent Carbazole–Bipyridine Conjugates
Author(s) -
Sudheesh Karivachery V.,
Joseph Manu M.,
Philips Divya S.,
Samanta Animesh,
Kumar Maiti Kaustabh,
Ajayaghosh Ayappanpillai
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
chemistryselect
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.437
H-Index - 34
ISSN - 2365-6549
DOI - 10.1002/slct.201703131
Subject(s) - nanoprobe , fluorescence , carbazole , chemistry , conjugate , nanoparticle , cancer cell , biophysics , lysosome , photochemistry , biochemistry , nanotechnology , enzyme , materials science , cancer , biology , mathematical analysis , physics , mathematics , quantum mechanics , genetics
Fluorescent probes for simultaneous detection of multiple organelle specific analytes in cancer cells are essential for bioimaging applications. During abnormalities in cells, among other important parameters (metal ions, reactive oxygen species (ROS), enzymes, etc.) pH and Zn 2+ are also altered in cells. Herein, we report the formation of nanoparticles of the fluorescent molecules based on carbazole‐bipyridine conjugates ( CBL1‐3 ) and their use as nanoprobes to simultaneously detect Zn 2+ and pH variations in lysosome. Upon increasing the pH from 4–6, these probes form nanoparticles with increased size and enhanced fluorescence at 510 nm. Among CBL1‐3 , nanoparticles of CBL2 upon Zn 2+ binding, exhibit pH responsive intensity change only at lysosomal pH window at 610 nm and become silent above pH 7. Fluorescent imaging experiments on cancer cells revealed that the CBL2 nanoprobe is capable of localizing at lysosomes and facilitates the detection of endogenous Zn 2+ and pH variations. Furthermore, the lysosomal Zn 2+ variation with external stimuli induced programmed cell death was visualized using the nanoprobe.