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Nano Co 3 O 4 as Anode Material for Li–Ion and Na‐Ion Batteries: An Insight into Surface Morphology
Author(s) -
Subalakshmi Palani,
Sivashanmugam Arumugam
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
chemistryselect
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.437
H-Index - 34
ISSN - 2365-6549
DOI - 10.1002/slct.201702197
Subject(s) - anode , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , materials science , electrolyte , electrochemistry , analytical chemistry (journal) , dielectric spectroscopy , scanning electron microscope , cyclic voltammetry , lithium (medication) , ion , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , electrode , transmission electron microscopy , lithium ion battery , chemical engineering , chemistry , battery (electricity) , nanotechnology , composite material , medicine , power (physics) , physics , organic chemistry , chromatography , quantum mechanics , engineering , endocrinology
Abstract Co 3 O 4 is regarded as a competent anode material for lithium and sodium ion batteries having high theoretical capacity of 890 mAh g ‐1 obtained through metal displacement reaction with Li or Na. Nano Co 3 O 4 consisting of 20–30 nm‐sized particles was synthesized through a simple precipitation method and characterized through X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrochemical evaluation of the nano Co 3 O 4 as anode material for Li‐ion and Na‐ion batteries was performed through cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and charge‐discharge cycling studies. Nano Co 3 O 4 delivered high discharge capacity of 423 mAh g ‐1 at 0.1 C even after 40 cycles as Li‐ion battery anode and exhibited stable discharge behaviour up to 130 cycles with high rate capability. Nano Co 3 O 4 in Na‐ion configuration delivered discharge capacity of 101 mAh g ‐1 at 0.1 C rate even after 30 cycles. At higher current rates Co 3 O 4 electrodes exhibited severe capacity fading due to the huge volume change occurred during sodiation / desodiation. Ex‐situ SEM and elemental analyses evidenced that disintegration of electrode structure resulting from volume change and continuous decomposition of electrolyte were responsible for the poor electrochemical performance of Co 3 O 4 with Na + ions while in Li‐ion configuration nano Co 3 O 4 outshined in cycling performance.