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Glucose Conversion to Furans in Alcohols Catalyzed by Lewis Acidic Beta Zeolites and Brønsted Acidic Resins
Author(s) -
Mahmoud Eyas
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
chemistryselect
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.437
H-Index - 34
ISSN - 2365-6549
DOI - 10.1002/slct.201701815
Subject(s) - furfural , chemistry , yield (engineering) , catalysis , isomerization , organic chemistry , formic acid , lewis acids and bases , hydroxymethyl , levulinic acid , lewis acid catalysis , zeolite , dehydration , methanol , biochemistry , materials science , metallurgy
Glucose was converted to 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) and the potential biodiesel additives 5‐(ethoxymethyl)furfural (EMF) and 5‐(isopropoxymethyl)furfural (IMF) by Lewis acidic zeolites and Brønsted acidic resins. The conversion occured by sequential isomerization and dehydration reactions in semiaqueous mixtures containing ethanol or isopropanol. Sn‐beta and Amberlyst® 15 catalyzed the conversion of glucose to HMF and IMF in 53% yield in isopropanol containing 7.5 weight % water. The yield of undetected byproducts including humins was 7%. The moderate yield is attributed to the increased selectivity of the isomerization reaction and the suppression of further reactions of HMF to byproducts such as levullinic acid, formic acid, and humins in the alcohols.