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Ga Modified Zeolite Based Solid Acid Catalyst for Levulinic Acid Production
Author(s) -
Kumar Vijay Bhooshan,
Pulidindi Indra Neel,
Mishra Rahul Kumar,
Gedanken Aharon
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
chemistryselect
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.437
H-Index - 34
ISSN - 2365-6549
DOI - 10.1002/slct.201601532
Subject(s) - levulinic acid , mordenite , catalysis , zeolite , brønsted–lowry acid–base theory , chemistry , lewis acids and bases , nuclear chemistry , yield (engineering) , cellulose , inorganic chemistry , organic chemistry , materials science , metallurgy
Gallium modified zeolite (mordenite), a solid acid catalyst, was prepared using the sonochemical method. The catalyst (Ga@mordenite) was characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, FT‐IR, DSC TGA, TPD and XPS analysis. Uniform distribution of Ga on the zeolite surface was confirmed from the SEM‐EDS analysis. The catalyst was further used for the production of levulinic acid (LA) from carbohydrates (glucose, starch, and cellulose) in a hydrothermal process. Reaction conditions (time, 6 h; temperature, 175 °C) for the optimum yield of LA (59.9 wt. %) were deduced. The reaction products were analyzed qualitatively using 13 C NMR and quantified using HPLC analysis. Synergistic effect of the Lewis acid sites of Ga 3+ generated in situ and the Bronsted acid sites of mordenite were found to be crucial for the activity of Ga@mordenite for the conversion of glucose to levulinic acid.