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Biocatalytic Synthesis of Phospholipids and Their Application as Coating Agents for CaCO 3 Nano–crystals: Characterization and Intracellular Localization Analysis
Author(s) -
Baldassarre Francesca,
Allegretti Chiara,
Tessaro Davide,
Carata Elisabetta,
Citti Cinzia,
Vergaro Viviana,
Nobile Concetta,
Cannazza Giuseppe,
D'Arrigo Paola,
Mele Andrea,
Dini Luciana,
Ciccarella Giuseppe
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
chemistryselect
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.437
H-Index - 34
ISSN - 2365-6549
DOI - 10.1002/slct.201601429
Subject(s) - nano , nanoparticle , coating , characterization (materials science) , materials science , nanotechnology , intracellular , chemistry , chemical engineering , biophysics , biochemistry , biology , engineering , composite material
Inorganic nanoparticles are widely investigated as drug delivery systems. In particular micro and nano‐particles of CaCO 3 offer smart features for different biomaterials applications. In this work we exploit the phospholipids coating of nano‐CaCO 3 . We prepare modified phospholipids through a chemo‐enzymatic approach using Phospholipase D to efficiently transform the most abundant natural phospholipids in two products, sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (GPC) and sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoserine (GPS). We have investigated and modified the Spray Drier process to obtain nano‐crystals with specific phase, surface ζ‐potential and morphology. The intracellular localization of coated nano‐crystals was achieved by ultrastructural microscopy analysis. The synthetized phospholipids, GPC and GPS, improve nano‐CaCO 3 proprieties and promote a specific targeting as opposed to a widespread and nonspecific localization in the cell.