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Spherical carbon with SO 3 H groups as an efficient solid acid catalyst for 2,4,5‐triphenyl–imidazole synthesis
Author(s) -
Song Hongyan,
Xing Chuang,
Li Bin,
Shen Wenzhong
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
chemistryselect
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.437
H-Index - 34
ISSN - 2365-6549
DOI - 10.1002/slct.201500013
Subject(s) - catalysis , carbonization , imidazole , chemistry , solid acid , carbon fibers , solvent , organic chemistry , condensation , hydrothermal carbonization , nuclear chemistry , inorganic chemistry , materials science , adsorption , composite number , composite material , physics , thermodynamics
Spherical carbonaceous solid catalysts with ‐SO 3 H group are prepared by hydrothermal carbonization of starch followed by carbonization at low temperatures and sulfonation with H 2 SO 4 . The concentration of introduced ‐SO 3 H is determined by the amount of polar groups on carbon materials surface, and a high ‐SO 3 H group concentration (2.15 mmol g −1 ) is achieved. The spherical carbonaceous solid acid is evaluated as catalysts for the condensation of 2,4,5‐triphenyl‐imidazole under free solvent. Remarkably high 2,4,5‐triphenyl‐imidazole yields (93 %) can be obtained efficiently (110 o C and 90 min) when HTS‐400‐SO 3 H was used as catalyst. The catalytic activity is determined by the acid concentration of carbonaceous solid surface. There is slight decrease in catalytic activity of HTS‐400‐SO 3 H after five runs. The starch‐derived catalysts can be easily recovered by simple filtration and exhibited high activity for ten successive recycles.