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Re‐estimating the sample size of an on‐going blinded trial based on the method of randomization block sums
Author(s) -
Ganju Jitendra,
Xing Biao
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
statistics in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.996
H-Index - 183
eISSN - 1097-0258
pISSN - 0277-6715
DOI - 10.1002/sim.3442
Subject(s) - covariate , sample size determination , estimator , statistics , interim analysis , point estimation , interim , standard error , type i and type ii errors , variance (accounting) , mathematics , randomization , randomized controlled trial , estimation , set (abstract data type) , analysis of variance , computer science , medicine , surgery , archaeology , accounting , management , economics , business , history , programming language
We extend a method we had previously described ( Statist. Med. 2005) to estimate the within‐group variance of a continuous endpoint without breaking the blind in a randomized clinical trial. Specifically, we: (a) explain how the method may be used for a wider set of designs than we had previously indicated; (b) obtain a within‐group, covariate‐adjusted, blinded variance estimator; (c) illustrate use of the method for sample size re‐estimation; and (d) describe a procedure to determine whether or not the blinded variance estimator works well not just on average but for the data set at hand. The proposed method is simple to use and makes no additional assumptions than is made for unblinded analysis. Simulations show that for realistic sample sizes there is virtually no inflation in the Type I error rate. When weighing the burden imposed by interim unblinded re‐estimation with the loss in precision with blinded re‐estimation, it may be advantageous for some trials to use the blinded method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.