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Measures to assess the prognostic ability of the stratified Cox proportional hazards model
Author(s) -
Lisa Pennells,
Ian R. White,
Angela Wood,
Stephen Kaptoge,
Nadeem Sarwar,
John B. Kostis,
Amy C. Wilson,
Aaron R. Folsom,
Lloyd E. Chambless,
Michal Benderly,
Uri Goldbourt,
Johann Willeit,
Sophia J. Kiechl,
John Yarnell,
P. M. Sweetnam,
Mary Cushman,
Bruce M. Psaty,
Russell P. Tracy,
Anne TybjærgHansen,
F. Haverkate,
Moniek P.M. de Maat,
SG Thompson,
F. G. R. Fowkes,
A. J. Lee,
F. B. Smith,
Veikko Salomaa,
Kennet Harald,
Elina Vahtera,
Pekka Jousilahti,
Juha Pekkanen,
Ralph B. D’Agostino,
W. B. Kannel,
Peter W. F. Wilson,
Geoffrey H. Tofler,
Deborah M. Levy,
Roberto Marchioli,
Franco Valagussa,
Annika Rosengren,
Lars Wilhelmsen,
Georgios Lappas,
Henry Eriksson,
P. Cremer,
Dorothea Nagel,
J. David Curb,
Beatriz L. Rodríguez,
Katsuhiko Yano,
J. T. Salonen,
Kristiiyyssönen,
Tomi Pekka Tuomainen,
Bo Hedblad,
Gunnar Engström,
Göran Berglund,
Hannelore Loewel,
Wolfgang Köenig,
HansWerner Hense,
T. W. Meade,
J. W. Cooper,
Bianca De Stavola,
C. Knottenbelt,
George Miller,
J. A. Copper,
Kenneth A. Bauer,
R D Rosenberg,
Shinichi Sato,
Akihiko Kitamura,
Yusuke Naito,
Hiroyasu Iso,
Vesa Rasi,
Timo Palosuo,
Pierre Ducimetière,
Philippe Amouyel,
Dominique Arveiler,
Alun Evans,
Jean Ferrières,
I. Juhan-Vague,
Annie Bingham,
Helmut Schulte,
Gerd Assmann,
Bernard Cantin,
Benoı̂t Lamarche,
JeanPierre Després,
G. R. Dagenais,
Hugh TunstallPedoe,
G.D.O. Lowe,
Mark Woodward,
Yoav BenShlomo,
George Davey Smith,
Vittorio Palmieri,
Jeun Liang Yeh,
Patrick J. Brennan,
Alicja R. Rudnicka,
J.A. Cooper,
Paul M. Ridker,
Francesco Rodeghiero,
Alberto Tosetto,
James Shepherd,
Ian Ford,
Michele Robertson,
Eric J. Brunner,
Martin J. Shipley,
Edith J. M. Feskens,
Daan Kromhout,
John Danesh,
Emanuele Di Angelantonio,
Sarah Lewington,
Matthew R. Walker
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
statistics in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.996
H-Index - 183
eISSN - 1097-0258
pISSN - 0277-6715
DOI - 10.1002/sim.3378
Subject(s) - proportional hazards model , statistics , contrast (vision) , econometrics , computer science , mathematics , artificial intelligence
Many measures have been proposed to summarize the prognostic ability of the Cox proportional hazards (CPH) survival model, although none is universally accepted for general use. By contrast, little work has been done to summarize the prognostic ability of the stratified CPH model; such measures would be useful in analyses of individual participant data from multiple studies, data from multi‐centre studies, and in single study analysis where stratification is used to avoid making assumptions of proportional hazards. We have chosen three measures developed for the unstratified CPH model (Schemper and Henderson's , Harrell's C‐index and Royston and Sauerbrei's ), adapted them for use with the stratified CPH model and demonstrated how their values can be represented over time. Although each of these measures is promising in principle, we found the measure of explained variation very difficult to apply when data are combined from several studies with differing durations of participant follow‐up. The two other measures considered, and the C‐index, were more applicable under such circumstances. We illustrate the methods using individual participant data from several prospective epidemiological studies of chronic disease outcomes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.