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Cumulative effects of air pollution on public health
Author(s) -
Xia Yingcun,
Tong Howell
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
statistics in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.996
H-Index - 183
eISSN - 1097-0258
pISSN - 0277-6715
DOI - 10.1002/sim.2446
Subject(s) - cumulative effects , national ambient air quality standards , pollutant , air quality index , environmental science , air pollution , public health , environmental health , air pollutants , econometrics , parametric statistics , statistics , meteorology , mathematics , medicine , geography , ecology , chemistry , nursing , organic chemistry , biology
Cumulative effect is an important way through which the pollutants affect public health. However, few existing dynamical models are well enough understood and documented to detect or quantify the cumulative effects and to answer pertinent questions posed by the World Health Organization (WHO): ‘Is there a threshold below which no effects of the pollutants on health are expected to occur in all people?’ and ‘What averaging period (time pattern) is the most relevant from the point of view of health?’. Using a new semi‐parametric time series modelling approach, which incorporates non‐linearity and latent cumulative variables, we show that the cumulative effects on health due to continual exposure to environmental pollutants can be very serious even at levels below the national ambient air quality standards of America (NAAQS). The situation is especially worrying for chronic sufferers. Our study suggests that different pollutants may require different cumulative periods (on average) to impact on health but they share a similar functional form in respect of their impact. We also suggest some possible revision of the ambient air quality standards. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.