Premium
Interfacial layers formed during the moulding of nitrile butadiene rubber compounds: Influence of carboxylic acid residues on adhesion
Author(s) -
Reeves L. A.,
Kiroski D.,
Packham D. E.
Publication year - 1995
Publication title -
surface and interface analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.52
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 1096-9918
pISSN - 0142-2421
DOI - 10.1002/sia.740230505
Subject(s) - stearic acid , natural rubber , carboxylic acid , nitrile , adhesion , chemistry , lauric acid , nitrile rubber , polymer , layer (electronics) , polymer chemistry , compounding , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , chemical engineering , degree of unsaturation , organic chemistry , materials science , composite material , fatty acid , engineering
The mould release of nitrile butadiene rubber is strongly influenced by residues from the polymer and compounding ingredients that form an interfacial layer during moulding. Carboxylic acid residues may comprise an important part of this layer. There are two potential sources of these: emulsifier residues in the base rubber and ‘stearic acid’ added during compounding. Generally the mould adhesion decreases as the carboxylic acid concentration increases, but residues from longer chain acids, such as stearic acid, reduce adhesion to a greater extent than do those from shorter chain acids such as lauric acid. Evidence from XPS and SIMS shows that residues from both can come to the interface, but rheological results indicate that the latter are less easily sheared and so are associated with higher mould sticking.