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XPS analysis of polypropylene grafted with acrylic monomers
Author(s) -
de Lange P. J.,
Gebben B.,
Elfrink P. J.
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
surface and interface analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.52
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 1096-9918
pISSN - 0142-2421
DOI - 10.1002/sia.7402201106
Subject(s) - x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , polypropylene , monomer , methacrylic acid , methacrylate , acrylic acid , wetting , polymer chemistry , grafting , materials science , ionic bonding , polymer , solvent , chemical engineering , chemistry , composite material , organic chemistry , ion , engineering
X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to characterize the surface of nonwoven polypropylene grafted with acrylic monomers. Results obtained for the non‐ionic hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and 2,3‐dihydroxypropyl methacrylate (DHPMA) are very clear and in agreement with those of CWST (critical wetting surface tension) measurements. Estimation of the thickness of the grafted layer from the XPS measurements is consistent with results from a simple theoretical calculation. The results obtained for the ionic methacrylic acid (MAA) deviate and are not in agreement with those of the CWST measurements. This is not understood, but might be attributed to the folding of the more polar MAA chains under dry conditions, leading to incomplete coverage of the surface. A second explanation is a higher contribution of grafting in the bulk of the polymer. Both explanations are supported by grafting of MAA from methanol as solvent.