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Carbonization of candidate high‐temperature matrix materials for carbon/carbon composites
Author(s) -
Pehrsson Pehr E.,
Armistead Paul,
Sastri Satya
Publication year - 1993
Publication title -
surface and interface analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.52
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 1096-9918
pISSN - 0142-2421
DOI - 10.1002/sia.740200706
Subject(s) - carbonization , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , materials science , annealing (glass) , inert gas , graphite , carbon fibers , glassy carbon , ferrocene , curing (chemistry) , composite material , oxygen , pyrolysis , chemical engineering , composite number , organic chemistry , chemistry , scanning electron microscope , electrochemistry , cyclic voltammetry , electrode , engineering
Carbon precursors used for preparing carbon/carbon composite (CCC) matrix binders undergo component elimination and carbonization during heating, which affects the ultimate carbon product. We analyzed the structural and compositional changes of two polymeric precursors N , N ′‐(1,3‐phenylenedimethylidene)bis(3‐ethynylaniline) and 4,4′‐bis(3,4‐dicyanophenoxy)biphenyl during high‐temperature annealing under inert atmosphere. The samples were analyzed using x‐ray diffraction, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and microRaman scattering. The precursor molecules cross‐link during curing and annealing, to form glassy carbons. The carbon structure after the annealing was reflected by the high oxidizability of the carbon in air. Deconvolution of the C 1s and O 1s XPS spectra showed that the surface oxygen was present primarily as hydroxyl and carbonyl groups, and that the amounts of surface oxygen correlated with the extent of graphitization. Addition of iron in the form of ferrocene in the precursor accelerated graphitization at all temperatures. The results are compared to those for other polymer precursors and graphite.