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Linearity in electron counting and detection systems
Author(s) -
Seah M. P.,
Tosa M.
Publication year - 1992
Publication title -
surface and interface analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.52
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 1096-9918
pISSN - 0142-2421
DOI - 10.1002/sia.740180309
Subject(s) - linearity , electron counting , electron , range (aeronautics) , auger electron spectroscopy , dead time , optics , pulse (music) , physics , linear particle accelerator , computational physics , atomic physics , materials science , nuclear physics , detector , quantum mechanics , composite material , beam (structure)
An analysis is presented, with supporting experimental measurements, of the non‐linear effects in electron intensity measurements using channel electron multipliers (CEMs) in both the analogue amplification and pulse counting modes. It is shown that for Auger electron spectroscopy, where the CEMs may be used in the analogue mode, the output current should not exceed 0.8r% of the CEM wall current for the linearity to be maintained within r %. In the pulse counting mode, used more generally, simple dead time corrections are possible over a limited range of counting rates. This range is defined theoretically and experimental procedures are demonstrated to show how the range may be defined, and the necessary corrections made, to retain accurate linearity within 0.5%.