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Quantitative aspects of ultraviolet photoemission of adsorbed xenon—a review
Author(s) -
Jablonski A.,
Wandelt K.
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
surface and interface analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.52
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 1096-9918
pISSN - 0142-2421
DOI - 10.1002/sia.740170902
Subject(s) - xenon , adsorption , nucleation , bimetallic strip , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy , ultraviolet , phase (matter) , chemistry , analytical chemistry (journal) , materials science , metal , chemical physics , electronic structure , chemical engineering , computational chemistry , optoelectronics , organic chemistry , chromatography , engineering
Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) is usually not considered to be a quantitative technique for the analysis of solid surfaces. However, careful examination of the He(I)‐induced 5p spectra of adsorbed xenon provides the basis for quantitative description of non‐uniform solid surfaces and/or adsorbed layers of xenon themselves. The shape, intensity and electron binding energy of the Xe 5p emission can be associated with the distribution, concentration and local surface potential of particular adsorption sites, respectively. Structural defects, such as steps, edges of evaporated metal islands and pores, can be characterized in this way. A particularly important application of the photoemission of absorbed xenon (PAX) is the determination of the coverage and average island size of metal adsorbates. The early stages of film growth and the thermally activated healing of surface roughness of such deposits can be followed quantitatively by PAX. Interesting quantitative information can also be obtained on the structure of the adsorbed xenon layer itself, such as the critical coverage for the two‐dimensional 2D Xe gas ↔ 2D Xe solid phase transition, the nucleation of three‐dimensional Xe clusters at defects and the presence and equilibrium topography of adsorbed Xe multilayers. These analytical possibilities of the PAX method are illustrated with applications to the Ru(001) surface, the epitaxially grown Ag film, the bimetallic Ag/Ru(001) system and the trimetallic and the trimetallic AgAu/Ru(001) system.