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The spatial distribution of minority elements in carbon black
Author(s) -
Fabish T. J.
Publication year - 1983
Publication title -
surface and interface analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.52
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 1096-9918
pISSN - 0142-2421
DOI - 10.1002/sia.740050602
Subject(s) - carbon fibers , carbon black , particle (ecology) , surface (topology) , shell (structure) , base (topology) , materials science , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemistry , geometry , composite material , geology , composite number , mathematics , environmental chemistry , mathematical analysis , oceanography , natural rubber
X‐ray photoemission, elemental, and base neutralization measurements of minority element contents in carbon blacks are analysed self‐consistently within a model description of the powder to arrive at an estimation of the surface density of elements comprising the acidic surface groups for these materials. Element surface densities are found that are significantly smaller than those corresponding to concentrations of the minority elements wholly at the geometric surface of the carbon particle, but are generally greater than for a uniform bulk distribution. The intermediate values arise as a result of the concentration of oxygen into a shell occupying 60 to 90% of the total particle volume for the three carbon blacks considered.