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Characterization of Er:LiNbO 3 and APE:Er:LiNbO 3 by RBS–channeling and XRD techniques
Author(s) -
Mackova A.,
Groetzschel R.,
Eichhorn F.,
Nekvindova P.,
Špirkova J.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
surface and interface analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.52
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 1096-9918
pISSN - 0142-2421
DOI - 10.1002/sia.1808
Subject(s) - lithium niobate , erbium , crystal structure , crystal (programming language) , ion , materials science , crystallography , rutherford backscattering spectrometry , diffraction , chemistry , doping , analytical chemistry (journal) , optics , optoelectronics , physics , organic chemistry , chromatography , computer science , programming language
The samples of erbium‐doped lithium niobate (Er:LiNbO 3 ) were prepared by the standard Czochralski method and treated by the annealed proton exchange (APE) procedure to create a planar waveguide for further optical application. The positions of Er atoms in the crystal lattice of pristine and APE treated Er:LiNbO 3 samples were studied by the Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS)–channeling method. The Er 3 + ion positions in the pristine and the APE treated Er:LiNbO 3 samples are compared. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the damage to the crystal structure caused by the APE treatment. It was found that the APE treatment leads to significant crystal structure damage and to shifts of the Er 3 + ions from their positions in the pristine crystal. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.