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Oxygen beam SIMS depth profiling of Si 1− x Ge x layers: transient processes
Author(s) -
Krüger D.,
Efremov A. A.,
Murota J.,
Kurps R.,
Bugiel E.,
Tillack B.,
Romanova G. Ph.
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
surface and interface analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.52
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 1096-9918
pISSN - 0142-2421
DOI - 10.1002/sia.1472
Subject(s) - sputtering , analytical chemistry (journal) , secondary ion mass spectrometry , ion beam , chemical vapor deposition , dopant , oxygen , epitaxy , deep level transient spectroscopy , chemistry , silicon , materials science , ion , thin film , layer (electronics) , nanotechnology , doping , optoelectronics , organic chemistry , chromatography
Abstract Characterization of shallow dopant profiles near surfaces and interfaces in Si 1− x Ge x layers by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) is a challenge in advanced Si‐based technologies. In standard SIMS, quantification with confidence is possible only in the dynamic steady state of the measurement after completing a transient period. Therefore, we analyse the transient processes during oxygen bombardment and sputtering of epitaxial Si 1− x Ge x layers, which were grown by low‐pressure chemical vapour deposition (LPCVD) with different compositions (0 < x < 0.75). We show that a drop of the Ge + secondary ion yield near the end of the transient period in epitaxial Si 1− x Ge x layers extends this period in comparison with pure Si. We demonstrate that the drop is a function of layer composition and bombardment parameters, such as primary ion beam energy and erosion rate. We show that an interfacial transient period after crossing a Si/Si 1− x Ge x interface can be neglected if the formation of the oxygen‐beam‐induced altered layer is completed within the Si cap layer before reaching the interface between the cap and the Si 1− x Ge x layer. This allows reliable quantification of dopant spikes within a few nanometers near to interfaces. By means of computer modelling we describe secondary ion emission kinetics and simulate the dynamics of structural and compositional changes in the subsurface region of Si 1− x Ge x alloys caused by interaction with oxygen beams. Experimental and theoretical time dependencies for secondary ion yields are in good accordance; the dependence of the Ge + intensity drop on the Ge concentration is simulated and experimentally proved. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.