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Carbon emissions in Central and Eastern Europe: environmental Kuznets curve and implications for sustainable development
Author(s) -
Atici Cemal
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
sustainable development
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.115
H-Index - 64
eISSN - 1099-1719
pISSN - 0968-0802
DOI - 10.1002/sd.372
Subject(s) - kuznets curve , per capita , gross domestic product , openness to experience , sustainable development , economics , panel data , energy consumption , environmental pollution , agricultural economics , natural resource economics , environmental science , economic growth , environmental protection , econometrics , population , engineering , ecology , psychology , social psychology , demography , sociology , electrical engineering , biology
This study examines the impact of various factors such as gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, energy use per capita and trade openness on carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission per capita in the Central and Eastern European Countries. The extended environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) was employed, utilizing the available panel data from 1980 to 2002 for Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania and Turkey. The results confirm the existence of an EKC for the region such that CO 2 emission per capita decreases over time as the per capita GDP increases. Energy use per capita is a significant factor that causes pollution in the region, indicating that the region produces environmentally unclean energy. The trade openness variable implies that globalization has not facilitated the emission level in the region. The results imply that the region needs environmentally cleaner technologies in energy production to achieve sustainable development. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.