Open AccessAdvances in preclinical hematopoietic stem cell models and possible implications for improving therapeutic transplantation
Author(s) -
Fraint Ellen,
Ulloa Bianca A.,
Feliz Norberto María,
Potts Kathryn S.,
Bowman Teresa V.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
stem cells translational medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.781
H-Index - 71
eISSN - 2157-6580
pISSN - 2157-6564
DOI - 10.1002/sctm.20-0294
Subject(s) - stem cell , transplantation , hematopoietic stem cell transplantation , haematopoiesis , ex vivo , zebrafish , medicine , immunology , disease , hematopoietic stem cell , biology , bioinformatics , intensive care medicine , in vivo , pathology , biochemistry , genetics , microbiology and biotechnology , gene
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a treatment for many malignant, congenital, and acquired hematologic diseases. Some outstanding challenges in the HSCT field include the paucity of immunologically‐matched donors, our inability to effectively expand hematopoeitic stem cells (HSCs) ex vivo, and the high infection risk during engraftment. Scientists are striving to develop protocols to generate, expand, and maintain HSCs ex vivo, however these are not yet ready for clinical application. Given these problems, advancing our understanding of HSC specification, regulation, and differentiation in preclinical models is essential to improve the therapeutic utility of HSCT. In this review, we link biomedical researchers and transplantation clinicians by discussing the potential therapeutic implications of recent fundamental HSC research in model organisms. We consider deficiencies in current HSCT practice, such as problems achieving adequate cell dose for successful and rapid engraftment, immense inflammatory cascade activation after myeloablation, and graft‐vs‐host disease. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances in the field of HSC biology and transplantation made in preclinical models of zebrafish, mouse, and nonhuman primates that could inform emerging practice for clinical application.