Open AccessHuman articular cartilage repair: Sources and detection of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in photo‐crosslinkable hydrogel bioscaffolds
Author(s) -
Lee Cheryl,
O'Connell Cathal D.,
Onofrillo Carmine,
Choong Peter F. M.,
Di Bella Claudia,
Duchi Serena
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
stem cells translational medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.781
H-Index - 71
eISSN - 2157-6580
pISSN - 2157-6564
DOI - 10.1002/sctm.19-0192
Subject(s) - genotoxicity , self healing hydrogels , chondrogenesis , cytotoxicity , biofabrication , articular cartilage , cartilage damage , cartilage , regeneration (biology) , chemistry , tissue engineering , biomedical engineering , medicine , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , pathology , toxicity , osteoarthritis , anatomy , biochemistry , alternative medicine , organic chemistry , in vitro
Three‐dimensional biofabrication using photo‐crosslinkable hydrogel bioscaffolds has the potential to revolutionize the need for transplants and implants in joints, with articular cartilage being an early target tissue. However, to successfully translate these approaches to clinical practice, several barriers must be overcome. In particular, the photo‐crosslinking process may impact on cell viability and DNA integrity, and consequently on chondrogenic differentiation. In this review, we primarily explore the specific sources of cellular cytotoxicity and genotoxicity inherent to the photo‐crosslinking reaction, the methods to analyze cell death, cell metabolism, and DNA damage within the bioscaffolds, and the possible strategies to overcome these detrimental effects.