Erzberger's dilemma: Validity in action research and science teachers' need to know

this article I examine the issue of validity in action researchand how it affects methodology. I begin with a brief history of action research. That isfollowed with a description of a collaborative action research project in which eightphysics teachers and I have been engaged (Feldman, 1993). This leads to the statement ofErzberger's dilemma and a critical examination of what counts as validity in actionresearch. I conclude with some implications for policy makers and for the pre- and...