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h‐plots for displaying nonmetric dissimilarity matrices
Author(s) -
Epifanio Irene
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
statistical analysis and data mining: the asa data science journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.381
H-Index - 33
eISSN - 1932-1872
pISSN - 1932-1864
DOI - 10.1002/sam.11177
Subject(s) - pairwise comparison , multidimensional scaling , computer science , representation (politics) , matching (statistics) , perspective (graphical) , plot (graphics) , data mining , artificial intelligence , pattern recognition (psychology) , mathematics , machine learning , statistics , politics , political science , law
Nonmetric pairwise data with violations of symmetry, reflexivity, or triangle inequality appear in fields such as image matching, web mining, or cognitive psychology. When data are inherently nonmetric, we should not enforce metricity as real information could be lost. The multidimensional scaling problem is addressed from a new perspective. I propose a method based on the h‐plot, which naturally handles asymmetric proximity data. Pairwise proximities between the objects are defined, though I do not embed these objects, but rather the variables that give the proximity to or from each object. The method is very simple to implement. The representation goodness can be easily assessed. The methodology is illustrated through several small examples and applied to the analysis of digital images of human corneal endothelia. Comparisons with well‐known methods show its good behavior, especially with nonmetric pairwise data, which motivate my methodology. Other databases and methods are analyzed in the supporting information. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 6: 136–143, 2013