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Principal component analysis for interval‐valued observations
Author(s) -
DouzalChouakria A.,
Billard L.,
Diday E.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
statistical analysis and data mining: the asa data science journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.381
H-Index - 33
eISSN - 1932-1872
pISSN - 1932-1864
DOI - 10.1002/sam.10118
Subject(s) - principal component analysis , interval (graph theory) , hypercube , computer science , data mining , pattern recognition (psychology) , feature (linguistics) , algorithm , vertex (graph theory) , interval data , mathematics , artificial intelligence , theoretical computer science , graph , measure (data warehouse) , combinatorics , linguistics , philosophy , parallel computing
One feature of contemporary datasets is that instead of the single point value in the p ‐dimensional space ℜ p seen in classical data, the data may take interval values thus producing hypercubes in ℜ p . This paper studies the vertices principal components methodology for interval‐valued data; and provides enhancements to allow for so‐called ‘trivial’ intervals, and generalized weight functions. It also introduces the concept of vertex contributions to the underlying principal components, a concept not possible for classical data, but one which provides a visualization method that further aids in the interpretation of the methodology. The method is illustrated in a dataset using measurements of facial characteristics obtained from a study of face recognition patterns for surveillance purposes. A comparison with analyses in which classical surrogates replace the intervals, shows how the symbolic analysis gives more informative conclusions. A second example illustrates how the method can be applied even when the number of parameters exceeds the number of observations, as well as how uncertainty data can be accommodated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 4: 229–246 2011