Open AccessVenous thrombosis recurrence risk according to warfarin versus direct oral anticoagulants for the secondary prevention of venous thrombosis
Author(s) -
Zakai Neil A.,
Walker Rob F.,
MacLehose Richard F.,
Koh Insu,
Alonso Alvaro,
Lutsey Pamela L.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2475-0379
DOI - 10.1002/rth2.12575
Subject(s) - apixaban , rivaroxaban , medicine , warfarin , hazard ratio , confidence interval , venous thrombosis , cohort , retrospective cohort study , thrombosis , rate ratio , renal function , atrial fibrillation
Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) affects nearly 1 million Americans annually, and many benefit from continued anticoagulation after the initial 3‐ to 6‐month treatment period (secondary prevention). Objectives To determine whether warfarin, apixaban, or rivaroxaban is associated with reduced recurrent VTE hospitalization in the secondary prevention of VTE. Patients/Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of participants enrolled in the MarketScan Insurance Database between 2013 and 2017 in those with an incident VTE. In those individuals who continued oral anticoagulation (warfarin, apixaban, or rivaroxaban) beyond 6 months, we determined the relative rate of recurrent VTE hospitalization. Results Among 119 964 individuals with VTE, 25 419 remained on anticoagulation after 6 months and were matched successfully by age, sex, and date. After adjusting for a propensity score, apixaban versus rivaroxaban (hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45‐0.94) and apixaban versus warfarin (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.47‐1.00) had a reduced risk of recurrent VTE hospitalization, and rivaroxaban versus warfarin (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.94‐1.33) had equivalent rates. For the rivaroxaban versus warfarin comparison there was a significant interaction by renal function ( P < .01) where rivaroxaban was associated with a lower risk of recurrent VTE hospitalization (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.41‐1.03) in those with kidney disease and increased risk in those without kidney disease (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.50). Conclusions These data suggest that apixaban has a lower recurrent VTE hospitalization rate than rivaroxaban during the secondary prevention of VTE, and further study of diverse patient populations, especially by kidney function, is warranted.