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Antibody‐dependent enhancement of viral infection: molecular mechanisms and in vivo implications
Author(s) -
Takada Ayato,
Kawaoka Yoshihiro
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
reviews in medical virology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.06
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 1099-1654
pISSN - 1052-9276
DOI - 10.1002/rmv.405
Subject(s) - antibody dependent enhancement , biology , virology , virus , antibody , viral entry , viral replication , receptor , complement system , viral envelope , viral pathogenesis , immunology , genetics
Besides the common receptor/coreceptor‐dependent mechanism of cellular attachment, some viruses rely on antiviral antibodies for their efficient entry into target cells. This mechanism, known as antibody‐dependent enhancement (ADE) of viral infection, depends on the cross‐linking of complexes of virus–antibody or virus–activated complement components through interaction with cellular molecules such as Fc receptors or complement receptors, leading to enhanced infection of susceptible cells. Recent studies have suggested that additional mechanisms underlie ADE: involvement of complement component C1q and its receptor (Ebola virus), antibody‐mediated modulation of the interaction between viral protein and its coreceptor (human immunodeficiency virus) and suppression of cellular antiviral genes by the replication of viruses entering cells via ADE (Ross River virus). Since ADE is exploited by a variety of viruses and has been associated with disease exacerbation, it may have broad relevance to the pathogenesis of viral infection and antiviral strategies. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.