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Vitamin D supplementation and Covid‐19 outcomes: A systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression
Author(s) -
Hariyanto Timotius Ivan,
Intan Denny,
Hananto Joshua Edward,
Harapan Harapan,
Kurniawan Andree
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
reviews in medical virology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.06
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 1099-1654
pISSN - 1052-9276
DOI - 10.1002/rmv.2269
Subject(s) - meta analysis , medicine , covid-19 , mechanical ventilation , pneumonia , randomized controlled trial , random effects model , vitamin d and neurology , intensive care unit , disease , infectious disease (medical specialty)
Summary Vitamin D has many protective properties and potential role against acute lung injury. Low serum vitamin D is associated with high risk of pneumonia and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. This study sought to analyse the efficacy of vitamin D in improving the outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) patients. Using specific keywords, we comprehensively searched the potential articles on PubMed, Europe PMC and ClinicalTrials.gov database until 8th May 2021. All published studies on Covid‐19 and vitamin D were retrieved. Statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4 software. A total of 11 studies with 22,265 Covid‐19 patients were included in the meta‐analysis. Our data suggested that vitamin D supplementation was associated with reduction in intensive care unit admission rate (OR 0.27; 95% CI: 0.09–0.76, p = 0.010, I 2 = 70%, random‐effect modelling); reduction of the need for mechanical ventilation (OR 0.34; 95% CI: 0.16–0.72, p = 0.005, I 2 = 61%, random‐effect modelling) and reduction of mortality from Covid‐19 (OR 0.37; 95% CI: 0.21–0.66, p < 0.001, I 2 = 50%, random‐effect modelling). Further analysis showed that the associations were influenced by age ( p = 0.020). Our study suggests that vitamin D supplementation may offer beneficial effects on Covid‐19 outcomes. However, more randomized clinical trials are required to confirm this conclusion.