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Type B coxsackieviruses and central nervous system disorders: critical review of reported associations
Author(s) -
Jmii Habib,
Fisson Sylvain,
Aouni Mahjoub,
Jaidane Hela
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
reviews in medical virology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.06
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 1099-1654
pISSN - 1052-9276
DOI - 10.1002/rmv.2191
Subject(s) - coxsackievirus , central nervous system , medicine , virology , biology , enterovirus , virus
Summary Type B coxsackieviruses (CV‐B) frequently infect the central nervous system (CNS) causing neurological diseases notably meningitis and encephalitis. These infections occur principally among newborns and children. Epidemiological studies of patients with nervous system disorders demonstrate the presence of infectious virus, its components, or anti‐CV‐B antibodies. Some experimental studies conducted in vitro and in vivo support the potential association between CV‐B and idiopathic neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and psychiatric illness such as schizophrenia. However, mechanisms explaining how CV‐B infections may contribute to the genesis of CNS disorders remain unclear. The proposed mechanisms focus on the immune response following the viral infection as a contributor to pathogenesis. This review describes these epidemiological and experimental studies, the modes of transmission of CV‐B with an emphasis on congenital transmission, the routes used by CV‐B to reach the brain parenchyma, and plausible mechanisms by which CV‐B may induce CNS diseases, with a focus on potential immunopathogenesis.