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3D ultrasound in robotic surgery: performance evaluation with stereo displays
Author(s) -
Novotny Paul M.,
Jacobsen Stephen K.,
Vasilyev Nikolay V.,
Kettler Daniel T.,
Salgo Ivan S.,
Dupont Pierre E.,
Del Nido Pedro J.,
Howe Robert D.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
the international journal of medical robotics and computer assisted surgery
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.556
H-Index - 53
eISSN - 1478-596X
pISSN - 1478-5951
DOI - 10.1002/rcs.102
Subject(s) - artificial intelligence , computer science , computer vision , 3d ultrasound , robotics , robotic surgery , rendering (computer graphics) , stereo imaging , ultrasound , robot , medicine , radiology
Background The recent advent of real‐time 3D ultrasound (3DUS) imaging enables a variety of new surgical procedures. These procedures are hampered by the difficulty of manipulating tissue guided by the distorted, low‐resolution 3DUS images. To lessen the effects of these limitations, we investigated stereo displays and surgical robots for 3DUS‐guided procedures. Methods By integrating real‐time stereo rendering of 3DUS with the binocular display of a surgical robot, we compared stereo‐displayed 3DUS with normally displayed 3DUS. To test the efficacy of stereo‐displayed 3DUS, eight surgeons and eight non‐surgeons performed in vitro tasks with the surgical robot. Results Error rates dropped by 50% with a stereo display. In addition, subjects completed tasks faster with the stereo‐displayed 3DUS as compared to normal‐displayed 3DUS. A 28% decrease in task time was seen across all subjects. Conclusions The results highlight the importance of using a stereo display. By reducing errors and increasing speed, it is an important enhancement to 3DUS‐guided robotics procedures. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.