Open AccessTuberculosis‐immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV ‐negative children
Author(s) -
Palamit Apinya,
Tovichien Prakarn,
Amornsitthiwat Ramida
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
respirology case reports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.304
H-Index - 9
ISSN - 2051-3380
DOI - 10.1002/rcr2.945
Subject(s) - medicine , immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome , tuberculosis , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , immune system , immunology , iris (biosensor) , differential diagnosis , pediatrics , intensive care medicine , antiretroviral therapy , pathology , viral load , computer security , computer science , biometrics
Abstract Even though tuberculosis‐immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB‐IRIS) is usually found in HIV‐positive patients receiving antiviral treatment, it can also occur in HIV‐negative patients especially if they have risk factors. We report a unique case of TB‐IRIS in an immunocompetent child presenting with new onset of pleuritic chest pain after receiving anti‐TB drugs. TB‐IRIS should be considered as a differential diagnosis in case of clinical deterioration or appearance of new typical lesions despite appropriate anti‐TB treatment for more than 2 weeks in the absence of persistently active TB or any other alternative causes. This will prevent physicians from misdiagnosis as superimposed infections, treatment failure or TB relapse.