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Evaluation of the combination of different atmospheric pressure ionization sources for the analysis of extremely complex mixtures
Author(s) -
Kondyli Aikaterini,
Schrader Wolfgang
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
rapid communications in mass spectrometry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.528
H-Index - 136
eISSN - 1097-0231
pISSN - 0951-4198
DOI - 10.1002/rcm.8676
Subject(s) - chemistry , atmospheric pressure chemical ionization , ionization , orbitrap , photoionization , mass spectrometry , desorption electrospray ionization , electrospray ionization , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemical ionization , ambient ionization , direct electron ionization liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry interface , chromatography , ion source , ion , organic chemistry
Rationale Characterization of complex samples remains a challenging task due to the high number of compounds present. Matrix effects, ion discrimination and suppression are limiting factors which force the use of different methods for the same sample to gain a broad understanding of complex mixtures. Methods Various ionization techniques such as electrospray ionization (ESI), atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) have been used in various problems for complex mixture analysis. Especially demanding is the analysis of energy‐related hydrocarbon mixtures, such as crude oil. Here, the different ionization sources alone and in combination with each other have been used on an ultrahigh resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometer to study a light crude oil. Results Despite the great variety of the available ionization sources, there is no single technique which can fully characterize the crude oil. Each ionization technique shows a selectivity towards specific types of compounds. While ESI is the method of choice for the detection of polar compounds, APPI and APCI favor the detection of nonpolar and low‐to‐medium polar compounds, respectively. The combination of ESI/APPI favors hydrocarbons and oxygen‐containing species. Conclusions Combining different ionization methods can be used as an alternative in order to gain more information about compounds present in a complex mixture although a combination of different ion sources could enhance suppression effects.