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Differentiating tumor heterogeneity in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) prostate adenocarcinoma tissues using principal component analysis of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectral data
Author(s) -
Panderi Irene,
Yakirevich Evgeny,
Papagerakis Silvana,
Noble Lelia,
Lombardo Kara,
Pantazatos Dionysios
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
rapid communications in mass spectrometry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.528
H-Index - 136
eISSN - 1097-0231
pISSN - 0951-4198
DOI - 10.1002/rcm.7776
Subject(s) - prostate cancer , principal component analysis , chemistry , mass spectrometry imaging , maldi imaging , prostate , mass spectrometry , adenocarcinoma , matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization , pathology , cancer , desorption , medicine , chromatography , artificial intelligence , computer science , organic chemistry , adsorption
Rationale Many patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate present with advanced and metastatic cancer at the time of diagnosis. There is an urgent need to detect biomarkers that will improve the diagnosis and prognosis of this disease. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI‐IMS) is playing a key role in cancer research and it can be useful to unravel the molecular profile of prostate cancer biopsies. Methods MALDI imaging data sets are highly complex and their interpretation requires the use of multivariate statistical methods. In this study, MALDI‐IMS technology, sequential principal component analysis (PCA) and two‐dimensional (2‐D) peak distribution tests were employed to investigate tumor heterogeneity in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) prostate cancer biopsies. Results Multivariate statistics revealed a number of mass ion peaks obtained from different tumor regions that were distinguishable from the adjacent normal regions within a given specimen. These ion peaks have been used to generate ion images and visualize the difference between tumor and normal regions. Mass peaks at m/z 3370, 3441, 3447 and 3707 exhibited stronger ion signals in the tumor regions. Conclusions This study reports statistically significant mass ion peaks unique to tumor regions in adenocarcinoma of the prostate and adds to the clinical utility of MALDI‐IMS for analysis of FFPE tissue at a molecular level that supersedes all other standard histopathologic techniques for diagnostic purposes used in the current clinical practice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.