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Laser ablation atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry imaging of phytochemicals from sage leaves
Author(s) -
Vaikkinen Anu,
Shrestha Bindesh,
Koivisto Juha,
Kostiainen Risto,
Vertes Akos,
Kauppila Tiina J.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
rapid communications in mass spectrometry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.528
H-Index - 136
eISSN - 1097-0231
pISSN - 0951-4198
DOI - 10.1002/rcm.7043
Subject(s) - chemistry , mass spectrometry , photoionization , terpene , mass spectrometry imaging , mass spectrum , analytical chemistry (journal) , maldi imaging , laser ablation , electrospray ionization , salvia officinalis , atmospheric pressure , chromatography , ionization , ion , laser , desorption , organic chemistry , matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization , botany , adsorption , officinalis , physics , optics , oceanography , geology , biology
RATIONALE Despite fast advances in ambient mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), the study of neutral and nonpolar compounds directly from biological matrices remains challenging. In this contribution, we explore the feasibility of laser ablation atmospheric pressure photoionization (LAAPPI) for MSI of phytochemicals in sage ( Salvia officinalis ) leaves. METHODS Sage leaves were studied by LAAPPI‐time‐of‐flight (TOF)‐MSI without any sample preparation. Leaf mass spectra were also recorded with laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI) mass spectrometry and the spectra were compared with those obtained by LAAPPI. RESULTS Direct probing of the plant tissue by LAAPPI efficiently produced ions from plant metabolites, including neutral and nonpolar terpenes that do not have polar functional groups, as well as oxygenated terpene derivatives. Monoterpenes and monoterpenoids could also be studied from sage by LAESI, but only LAAPPI was able to detect larger nonpolar compounds, such as sesquiterpenes and triterpenoid derivatives, from the leaf matrix. Alternative MSI methods for nonpolar compounds, such as desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization (DAPPI), do not achieve as good spatial resolution as LAAPPI (<400 µm). CONCLUSIONS We show that MSI with LAAPPI is a useful tool for concurrently studying the distribution of polar and nonpolar compounds, such as phytochemicals, directly from complex biological samples, and it can provide information that is not available by other, established methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.