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Real‐time explosive particle detection using a cyclone particle concentrator
Author(s) -
Hashimoto Yuichiro,
Nagano Hisashi,
Takada Yasuaki,
Kashima Hideo,
Sugaya Masakazu,
Terada Koichi,
Sakairi Minoru
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
rapid communications in mass spectrometry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.528
H-Index - 136
eISSN - 1097-0231
pISSN - 0951-4198
DOI - 10.1002/rcm.6915
Subject(s) - explosive material , concentrator , particle (ecology) , chemistry , mass spectrometry , vaporizer , analytical chemistry (journal) , ionization , spectrometer , ion , optics , chromatography , physics , medicine , oceanography , organic chemistry , pathology , geology
RATIONALE There is a need for more rapid methods for the detection of explosive particles. We have developed a novel real‐time analysis technique for explosive particles that uses a cyclone particle concentrator. This technique can analyze sample surfaces for the presence of particles from explosives such as TNT and RDX within 3 s, which is much faster than is possible by conventional methods. METHODS Particles are detached from the sample surface with air jet pulses, and then introduced into a cyclone particle concentrator with a high pumping speed of about 80 L/min. A vaporizer placed at the bottom of the cyclone particle concentrator immediately converts the particles into a vapor. The vapor is then ionized in the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source of a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. RESULTS An online connection between the vaporizer and a mass spectrometer enables high‐speed detection within a few seconds, compared with the conventional off‐line heating method that takes more than 10 s to raise the temperature of a sample filter unit. Since the configuration enriched the number density of explosive particles by about 80 times compared with that without the concentrator, a sub‐ng amount of TNT particles on a surface was detectable. CONCLUSIONS The detection limit of our technique is comparable with that of an explosives trace detector using ion mobility spectrometry. The technique will be beneficial for trace detection in security applications, because it detects explosive particles on the surface more speedily than conventional methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.