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A fast and selective method for anthocyanin profiling of red wines by direct‐infusion pneumatic spray mass spectrometry
Author(s) -
Flamini Riccardo,
Agnolin Fabio,
Seraglia Roberta,
Rosso Mirko De,
Panighel Annarita,
Marchi Fabiola De,
Vedova Antonio Dalla,
Traldi Pietro
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
rapid communications in mass spectrometry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.528
H-Index - 136
eISSN - 1097-0231
pISSN - 0951-4198
DOI - 10.1002/rcm.5337
Subject(s) - wine , chemistry , anthocyanin , wine color , chromatography , mass spectrometry , aging of wine , food science
RATIONALE Anthocyanins confer the color to red wines. During wine aging, new anthocyanin derivatives with peculiar chromatic characteristics are formed. A fast and selective method for screening the anthocyanin composition of wine has been developed. METHODS Direct‐infusion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS) analysis of wine extracts has been performed by operating in positive ion mode with a low spray capillary voltage (0.5 kV) to detect only the species already present in ionic form. The method has been called direct‐infusion pneumatic spray (DIPS) mass spectrometry. The anthocyanin profiles of thirteen red wines at different aging stages were studied. Using malvidin‐3,5‐diglucoside as internal standard, the indices of wine color and of wine color evolution were estimated. RESULTS By decreasing the spray capillary voltage a dramatic increase in selectivity toward anthocyanins has been observed and the related peaks are the most abundant in the spectra. Several anthocyanins and anthocyanin derivatives (pyranoanthocyanins and derivatives formed by reaction with flavan‐3‐ols) have been identified in the wines. The younger wines showed higher total anthocyanin index. The aged wines showed color evolution index higher than 20% while it was lower in the younger samples. CONCLUSIONS The anthocyanin fingerprint is effective for estimating the aging state of wine. The color evolution index can be correlated to barrel conditions during wine aging and used to distinguish between aged and younger wines. The study of pyranoanthocyanins and anthocyanin‐flavanol derivatives can be useful to predict wine color stability. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.