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Identification and correction of spectral contamination in 2 H/ 1 H and 18 O/ 16 O measured in leaf, stem, and soil water
Author(s) -
Schultz Natalie M.,
Griffis Timothy J.,
Lee Xuhui,
Baker John M.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
rapid communications in mass spectrometry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.528
H-Index - 136
eISSN - 1097-0231
pISSN - 0951-4198
DOI - 10.1002/rcm.5236
Subject(s) - chemistry , contamination , isotope , isotope ratio mass spectrometry , stable isotope ratio , soil water , analytical chemistry (journal) , isotope analysis , mass spectrometry , environmental chemistry , chromatography , soil science , environmental science , ecology , physics , quantum mechanics , biology
Plant water extracts typically contain organic materials that may cause spectral interference when using isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy (IRIS), resulting in errors in the measured isotope ratios. Manufacturers of IRIS instruments have developed post‐processing software to identify the degree of contamination in water samples, and potentially correct the isotope ratios of water with known contaminants. Here, the correction method proposed by an IRIS manufacturer, Los Gatos Research, Inc., was employed and the results were compared with those obtained from isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Deionized water was spiked with methanol and ethanol to create correction curves for δ 18 O and δ 2 H. The contamination effects of different sample types (leaf, stem, soil) and different species from agricultural fields, grasslands, and forests were compared. The average corrections in leaf samples ranged from 0.35 to 15.73‰ for δ 2 H and 0.28 to 9.27‰ for δ 18 O. The average corrections in stem samples ranged from 1.17 to 13.70‰ for δ 2 H and 0.47 to 7.97‰ for δ 18 O. There was no contamination observed in soil water. Cleaning plant samples with activated charcoal had minimal effects on the degree of spectral contamination, reducing the corrections, by on average, 0.44‰ for δ 2 H and 0.25‰ for δ 18 O. The correction method eliminated the discrepancies between IRMS and IRIS for δ 18 O, and greatly reduced the discrepancies for δ 2 H. The mean differences in isotope ratios between IRMS and the corrected IRIS method were 0.18‰ for δ 18 O, and −3.39‰ for δ 2 H. The inability to create an ethanol correction curve for δ 2 H probably caused the larger discrepancies. We conclude that ethanol and methanol are the primary compounds causing interference in IRIS analyzers, and that each individual analyzer will probably require customized correction curves. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.